Nanomaterials for good indoor environments: electrochromics, sensors and photo-catalysts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v22i1.85Keywords:
nanomaterials, electrochromics, photo-catalysis, air cleaningAbstract
Nanomaterials can be used in a number of technologies in order to create good indoor environments. This paper takes a unified view on this issue from a solar-energy-based perspective and specifically considers electrochromics for achieving good day-lighting jointly with energy efficiency, sensors aimed at air quality assessment, and photo-catalysis for air cleaning. Recent results, mainly from the author’s laboratory, are reported for all of these areas. Work performed by PhD students and other collaborators from Peru are highlighted.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] UNEP, Buildings and Climate Change: “Status, Challenges and Opportunities”, United Nations Environment Programme, Paris, France, 2007.
[2] Granqvist, C.G., “Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1995 (reprinted 2002).
[3] Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist, C.G., “Mater, J.,Chem”. 17 pp. 127, 2007.
[4] Fujishima, K., Hashimoto, T., Watanabe., “TiO2”, Photocatalysis, Bkc, Tokyo, Japan, 1999.
[5]. Fujishima, X. Zhang, D. A. “Tryk, Surf”. Sci. Rep. 63 pp. 515, 2008.
[6]. Granqvist, C.G., Azens, A., Heszler, P., Kish, L.B., Österlund, L.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 91, pp. 355, 2007.
[7] Azens, G., Gustavsson, R., Karmhag, C.G., Granqvist.,”Solid State Ionics” 165 pp. 1, 2003
[8] Azens, A. Avendaño, J. Backholm, L. Berggren, G. Gustavsson, R. Karmhag, G.A. Niklasson, A. Roos, C.G. Granqvist, ”Mater. Sci”. Engr. B 119, pp.214, 2005.
[9] Granqvist, C.G., Hultåker, A.,”Thin Solid Films” 411, pp. 1, 2002.
[10] Granqvist, C.G.”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 91, pp. 1529, 2007.
[11] Granqvist, C.G., in:“Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems”, C.G. Granqvist (Ed.), Pergamon, Oxford, UK, pp. 106-167, 1991.
[12] Hollands, K.G.T., Wright, J.L., Granqvist, C.G. in: Solar Energy: “The State of the Art, J. Gordon (Ed.), James & James Sci”. Publ., London, UK, pp. 29-107, 2001.
[13] Schwartz-Schampera, U., Herzig, P.M., Indium: “Geology, Mineralogy”, and Economics, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2002.
[14] Solis, J., Hoel, A., Lantto, V., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Appl”. Phys. 89, 2001, pp. 2727.
[15] Gutarra, A., Azens, A., Stjerna, B., Granqvist. C.G., “Appl. Phys”. Lett. 64, pp.1604, 1994.
[16] Granqvist. C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 60 pp.201, 2000.
[17] Granqvist. C.G., Avendaño, E., Azens, A., Thin Solid Films 442 pp. 201, 2003.
[18] Talledo, A.M., Andersson., Granqvist, C.G. “J. Mater”. Res. 5, pp. 1253, 1990.
[19] Talledo, A.M., Talledo, A.M., Andersson., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Appl”. Phys. 69, pp. 3261, 1991.
[20] Talledo, A.M., Stjerna, B., Granqvist, C.G., “Appl. Phys”. Lett. 65, pp.2774, 1994.
[21] Talledo, A.M., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Phys. D: Appl”. Phys. 27 (1994) 2445.
[22] Talledo, A.M., Granqvist, C.G., “Appl. Phys”. “A 60”, pp. 521, 1995.
[23] Talledo, A.M., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Appl”. Phys. 77, pp.4655, 1995.
[24] Estrada, W., Andersson, A.M., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Appl”. Phys. 64, pp. 3678, 1988.
[25] Estrada, W. Andersson, A.M. Granqvist, C.G., “J. Mater”. Res. 6, pp. 1715, 1991.
[26] Backholm, J., Azens, A., Niklasson, G.A.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 90 (2006) 414.
[27] Backholm, J., Avendano, E.,Azens, A.,Azevedo,G. de M., Colonel, E., Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist,C.G.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 92,pp.91, 2008.
[28] Avendaño, E., Azens, A., Niklasson, G.A. Granqvist,C.G., ”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 84 (2004) 337.
[29] Deb, S.K.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 39 (1995) 191.
[30] Deb. S.K.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 92, pp.245, 2008.
[31] Azens, A., Kullman, L., Granqvist, C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 76, pp. 147, 2003.
[32] Granqvist, C.G.,”Nature Mater”. 5, pp. 89,2006.
[33] Granqvist, C.G., in:“Reactive Sputter Deposition”, D. Depla, S. Mahey (Eds.), Springer Series in Materials Science, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, Vol. 109, pp.485-496, 2008.
[34] Thornton, Ann, J.A., “Rev. Mater”. Sci. 7 pp, 239, 1977.
[35] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Lu, J., Olsson, E., Granqvist, C.G., “Adv. Mater”. 12 pp. 341, 2000.
[36] Azens, A., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Solid State Electrochem”. 7 pp. 64, 2003.
[37] Green, M.A., Emery, K., Hishikawa, Y., Warta, W., “Progr. Photovoltaics: Res. Devel”. 17, pp.85, 2009.
[38] Roos, A., Persson, M.-L., Platzer, W. Köhl, M. “in Proc. Glass Processing Days”, Tampere, Finland, pp. 566-569, 2005.
[39] Persson, M.-L., “Windows of Opportunities: The Glazed Area and its Impact on the Energy Balance of Buildings”, PhD Thesis, Uppsala University, 2006.
[40] Lee, E.S., Selkowitz, S.E., Clear, R.D., Di Bartolomeo, D.L., Klems, J.H., Fernandes, L.L., Ward, G.J., Inkarojrit, V., Yazdanian, M., “Advancement of Electrochromic Windows”, California Energy Commission, PIER, CEC-500-2006-052, 2006.
[41] Clear, R.D., Inkarojrit, V., Lee, E.S., “Energy Buildings” 38, pp. 758, 2006.
[42] Jones, A.P. “Atmospheric Environment” 33 pp.4535, 1999.
[43] Brown, S.K., “Indoor Air 4”, pp. 12, 1994.
[44] http://europa.eu.int/rapid/start/cgi/guesten.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=IP/03/1278|0|RA PID&lg=EN.
[45] World Health Organization, “Indoor Air Pollutants: Exposure and Health Effects”, EURO Rep. Stud. 78, 1983, pp.1-42.
[46] Horvath, E.P., Cleveland Clinic. “J.Med”. 64 pp. 303, 1997.
[47] Granqvist, C.G., Buhrman, R.A., “J. Appl”. Phys. 47, pp.2200.1975.
[48] Ederth, J., Smulko, J.M., Kish, L.B., Heszler, P., Granqvist, C.G. “Sensors Actuators” B 113, pp. 310, 2006.
[49] Hayashi, in: “Surface Coatings for Advanced Materials”, R.P. Agarwala (Ed.), Trans Tech Publ., Uetikon, Switzerland, pp. 153-180, 1997.
[50] Naruse, F., Kashu, S., Hayashi, C., in: “Gas Phase Nanoparticle Synthesis”, Granqvist, C.G., Kish, L.B., Marlow, W.H., “(Eds.), Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht”, the Netherlands, pp. 29-42, 2004.
[51] Söderlund, J., Kiss, L.B.,Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist, C.G., “Phys. Rev”. Lett. 80 pp. 2386, 1998.
[52] Solis, J.L., Saukko,S., Kish, L.B., Granqvist, C.G., Lantto, V., “Sensors Actuators” B 77, pp. 316, 2001.
[53] Solis, J.L., Saukko, S., Kish, L.B., Granqvist, C.G., Lantto, V., “Thin Solid Films” 391, pp. 255, 2001.
[54] Solis, J.L., Hoel, A., Kish, L.B., Granqvist, C.G., Saukko, S., Lantto, V. “J. Am”. Ceram. Soc. 84, 2001, pp. 1504.
[55] Reyes, L.F., Saukko, S., Hoel, A., Lantto, V., “J. Lappalainen, Phys”. Scripta T114, pp. 240, 2004.
[56] Hoel, A., Reyes, L.F., Saukko, S., Heszler, P., Lantto, V., Granqvist, C.G., “Sensors Actuators” B 105 pp. 283, 2005.
[57] Reyes, L.F., Hoel, A., Saukko, S., Heszler, P., Lantto, V., Granqvist, C.G., “Sensors Actuators” B117, pp. 128, 2006.
[58] Heszler, P., Ionescu, R., Llobet, E., Reyes, L.F., Smulko, J.M., Kish, L.B., Granqvist, C.G., “Phys. Stat. Solidi” B 244, pp. 4331, 2007.
[59] Luyo, C., Ionescu, R., Reyes, L.F., Topalian, Z., Estrada, W., Llobet, E., Granqvist, C.G., Heszler, P., “Sensors Actuators” B 138, pp. 14, 2009.
[60] Solis, J.L., Kish, L.B., Vajtai, R., Granqvist, C.G., Olsson, J., Schnürer, J., Lantto, V., “Sensors Actuators” B 77, pp. 312, 2001.
[61] Kish, L.B., Li, Y., Solis, J.L., Marlow, W.H., Vajtai, R., Granqvist, C.G. Lantto, V., Smulko, J.M., Schmera, G., “IEEE Sensors” J. 5, pp. 671, 2005.
[62] Lantto, V., Saukko, S., Toan, N.N., Reyes, L.F., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Electroceramics” 13, pp. 721, 2004.
[63] Ionescu, R., Hoel, A., Granqvist, C.G., Llobet, E., Heszler, P., “Sensors Actuators”, B 104, pp. 124, 2005.
[64] Ionescu, R., Hoel, A., Granqvist, C.G., Llobet, E., Heszler, P., “Sensors Actuators” B 104, pp.132, 2005.
[65] Kish, L.B. Vajtai, R., Granqvist, C.G., “Sensors Actuators”, B 71, pp. 55, 2005.
[66] Kaneko, M., Okura, I.,(Eds.), “Photocatalysis: Science and Technology”, Springer, Berlin, 2002.
[67] Wang, R., Hashimoto, K., Fujishima, A., Chikuni, M., Kojima, E., Kitamura, A., Shimohigoshi, M., Watanabe, T., “Nature 388, pp. 431, 1997.
[68] Nosaka, A.Y., Kojima, E., Fujiwara, T., H. Yagi, H. Akutsu, Y. Nosaka, J., “Phys. Chem”. B 107, pp. 12042, 2003.
[69] Yu, J., Zhou, M., Yu, H., Zhang, Q., Yu, Y., “Mater. Chem. Phys. 95”, pp. 193, 2006.
[70] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “Thin Solid Films 360”, pp. 250, 2000.
[71] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Niklasson, G.A., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Mater”. Sci. 36, 3699, 2001.
[72] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Ederth, J., Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist, C.G., “Thin Solid Films 365”, pp. 119, 2000.
[73] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Niklasson, Granqvist, G.A., “J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys”. 33, pp.24, 2004.
[74] Mattson, A., Leideborg, M., Larsson, K., Westin, G., Österlund, L., “J. Phys. Chem”. B 110, pp.1210, 2006.
[75] Asahi, R., Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Aoki, K., Taga, Y., “Science 293, pp. 269, 2001.
[76] Lindgren, T., Mwabora, J.M., Avendaño, E., Jonsson, J., Hoel, A., Granqvist, C.G., Lindquist, S.-E., “J. Phys.Chem. B 107, pp. 5709, 2003.
[77] Torres, G.R., Lindgren, T., Lu, J., Granqvist, C.G., Lindquist, S.-E. “J. Phys. Chem. B 108, pp. 5995, 2004.
[78] Mwabora, J.M., Lindgren, T., Avendaño, E., Jaramillo, T.F., Lu, J., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Phys. Chem. B 108, pp. 20193, 2004.
[79] Gómez, M., Rodríguez, J., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “Thin Solid Films 342, pp. 148, 1999.
[80] Gómez, M., Rodríguez, J., Tingry, S., Hagfeldt, A., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 59, pp. 277, 1999.
[81] Gómez, M., Magnusson, E., Olsson, E., Hagfeldt, A., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 62, pp. 259, 2000.
[82] Gómez, M.M., Lu, J., Solis, J.L., Olsson, E., Hagfeldt, A., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Phys. Chem”. B 104, pp. 8712, 2000.
[83] Gómez, M.M., Lu, J., Olsson, E., Hagfeldt, A., Granqvist,C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 64, pp. 385, 2000.
[84] Gómez, M.M., Beerman, N., Lu, J., Olsson, E., Hagfeldt, A., Granqvist, C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 76, pp. 37, 2003.
[2] Granqvist, C.G., “Handbook of Inorganic Electrochromic Materials”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1995 (reprinted 2002).
[3] Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist, C.G., “Mater, J.,Chem”. 17 pp. 127, 2007.
[4] Fujishima, K., Hashimoto, T., Watanabe., “TiO2”, Photocatalysis, Bkc, Tokyo, Japan, 1999.
[5]. Fujishima, X. Zhang, D. A. “Tryk, Surf”. Sci. Rep. 63 pp. 515, 2008.
[6]. Granqvist, C.G., Azens, A., Heszler, P., Kish, L.B., Österlund, L.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 91, pp. 355, 2007.
[7] Azens, G., Gustavsson, R., Karmhag, C.G., Granqvist.,”Solid State Ionics” 165 pp. 1, 2003
[8] Azens, A. Avendaño, J. Backholm, L. Berggren, G. Gustavsson, R. Karmhag, G.A. Niklasson, A. Roos, C.G. Granqvist, ”Mater. Sci”. Engr. B 119, pp.214, 2005.
[9] Granqvist, C.G., Hultåker, A.,”Thin Solid Films” 411, pp. 1, 2002.
[10] Granqvist, C.G.”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 91, pp. 1529, 2007.
[11] Granqvist, C.G., in:“Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems”, C.G. Granqvist (Ed.), Pergamon, Oxford, UK, pp. 106-167, 1991.
[12] Hollands, K.G.T., Wright, J.L., Granqvist, C.G. in: Solar Energy: “The State of the Art, J. Gordon (Ed.), James & James Sci”. Publ., London, UK, pp. 29-107, 2001.
[13] Schwartz-Schampera, U., Herzig, P.M., Indium: “Geology, Mineralogy”, and Economics, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2002.
[14] Solis, J., Hoel, A., Lantto, V., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Appl”. Phys. 89, 2001, pp. 2727.
[15] Gutarra, A., Azens, A., Stjerna, B., Granqvist. C.G., “Appl. Phys”. Lett. 64, pp.1604, 1994.
[16] Granqvist. C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 60 pp.201, 2000.
[17] Granqvist. C.G., Avendaño, E., Azens, A., Thin Solid Films 442 pp. 201, 2003.
[18] Talledo, A.M., Andersson., Granqvist, C.G. “J. Mater”. Res. 5, pp. 1253, 1990.
[19] Talledo, A.M., Talledo, A.M., Andersson., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Appl”. Phys. 69, pp. 3261, 1991.
[20] Talledo, A.M., Stjerna, B., Granqvist, C.G., “Appl. Phys”. Lett. 65, pp.2774, 1994.
[21] Talledo, A.M., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Phys. D: Appl”. Phys. 27 (1994) 2445.
[22] Talledo, A.M., Granqvist, C.G., “Appl. Phys”. “A 60”, pp. 521, 1995.
[23] Talledo, A.M., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Appl”. Phys. 77, pp.4655, 1995.
[24] Estrada, W., Andersson, A.M., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Appl”. Phys. 64, pp. 3678, 1988.
[25] Estrada, W. Andersson, A.M. Granqvist, C.G., “J. Mater”. Res. 6, pp. 1715, 1991.
[26] Backholm, J., Azens, A., Niklasson, G.A.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 90 (2006) 414.
[27] Backholm, J., Avendano, E.,Azens, A.,Azevedo,G. de M., Colonel, E., Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist,C.G.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 92,pp.91, 2008.
[28] Avendaño, E., Azens, A., Niklasson, G.A. Granqvist,C.G., ”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 84 (2004) 337.
[29] Deb, S.K.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 39 (1995) 191.
[30] Deb. S.K.,”Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 92, pp.245, 2008.
[31] Azens, A., Kullman, L., Granqvist, C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 76, pp. 147, 2003.
[32] Granqvist, C.G.,”Nature Mater”. 5, pp. 89,2006.
[33] Granqvist, C.G., in:“Reactive Sputter Deposition”, D. Depla, S. Mahey (Eds.), Springer Series in Materials Science, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, Vol. 109, pp.485-496, 2008.
[34] Thornton, Ann, J.A., “Rev. Mater”. Sci. 7 pp, 239, 1977.
[35] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Lu, J., Olsson, E., Granqvist, C.G., “Adv. Mater”. 12 pp. 341, 2000.
[36] Azens, A., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Solid State Electrochem”. 7 pp. 64, 2003.
[37] Green, M.A., Emery, K., Hishikawa, Y., Warta, W., “Progr. Photovoltaics: Res. Devel”. 17, pp.85, 2009.
[38] Roos, A., Persson, M.-L., Platzer, W. Köhl, M. “in Proc. Glass Processing Days”, Tampere, Finland, pp. 566-569, 2005.
[39] Persson, M.-L., “Windows of Opportunities: The Glazed Area and its Impact on the Energy Balance of Buildings”, PhD Thesis, Uppsala University, 2006.
[40] Lee, E.S., Selkowitz, S.E., Clear, R.D., Di Bartolomeo, D.L., Klems, J.H., Fernandes, L.L., Ward, G.J., Inkarojrit, V., Yazdanian, M., “Advancement of Electrochromic Windows”, California Energy Commission, PIER, CEC-500-2006-052, 2006.
[41] Clear, R.D., Inkarojrit, V., Lee, E.S., “Energy Buildings” 38, pp. 758, 2006.
[42] Jones, A.P. “Atmospheric Environment” 33 pp.4535, 1999.
[43] Brown, S.K., “Indoor Air 4”, pp. 12, 1994.
[44] http://europa.eu.int/rapid/start/cgi/guesten.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=IP/03/1278|0|RA PID&lg=EN.
[45] World Health Organization, “Indoor Air Pollutants: Exposure and Health Effects”, EURO Rep. Stud. 78, 1983, pp.1-42.
[46] Horvath, E.P., Cleveland Clinic. “J.Med”. 64 pp. 303, 1997.
[47] Granqvist, C.G., Buhrman, R.A., “J. Appl”. Phys. 47, pp.2200.1975.
[48] Ederth, J., Smulko, J.M., Kish, L.B., Heszler, P., Granqvist, C.G. “Sensors Actuators” B 113, pp. 310, 2006.
[49] Hayashi, in: “Surface Coatings for Advanced Materials”, R.P. Agarwala (Ed.), Trans Tech Publ., Uetikon, Switzerland, pp. 153-180, 1997.
[50] Naruse, F., Kashu, S., Hayashi, C., in: “Gas Phase Nanoparticle Synthesis”, Granqvist, C.G., Kish, L.B., Marlow, W.H., “(Eds.), Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht”, the Netherlands, pp. 29-42, 2004.
[51] Söderlund, J., Kiss, L.B.,Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist, C.G., “Phys. Rev”. Lett. 80 pp. 2386, 1998.
[52] Solis, J.L., Saukko,S., Kish, L.B., Granqvist, C.G., Lantto, V., “Sensors Actuators” B 77, pp. 316, 2001.
[53] Solis, J.L., Saukko, S., Kish, L.B., Granqvist, C.G., Lantto, V., “Thin Solid Films” 391, pp. 255, 2001.
[54] Solis, J.L., Hoel, A., Kish, L.B., Granqvist, C.G., Saukko, S., Lantto, V. “J. Am”. Ceram. Soc. 84, 2001, pp. 1504.
[55] Reyes, L.F., Saukko, S., Hoel, A., Lantto, V., “J. Lappalainen, Phys”. Scripta T114, pp. 240, 2004.
[56] Hoel, A., Reyes, L.F., Saukko, S., Heszler, P., Lantto, V., Granqvist, C.G., “Sensors Actuators” B 105 pp. 283, 2005.
[57] Reyes, L.F., Hoel, A., Saukko, S., Heszler, P., Lantto, V., Granqvist, C.G., “Sensors Actuators” B117, pp. 128, 2006.
[58] Heszler, P., Ionescu, R., Llobet, E., Reyes, L.F., Smulko, J.M., Kish, L.B., Granqvist, C.G., “Phys. Stat. Solidi” B 244, pp. 4331, 2007.
[59] Luyo, C., Ionescu, R., Reyes, L.F., Topalian, Z., Estrada, W., Llobet, E., Granqvist, C.G., Heszler, P., “Sensors Actuators” B 138, pp. 14, 2009.
[60] Solis, J.L., Kish, L.B., Vajtai, R., Granqvist, C.G., Olsson, J., Schnürer, J., Lantto, V., “Sensors Actuators” B 77, pp. 312, 2001.
[61] Kish, L.B., Li, Y., Solis, J.L., Marlow, W.H., Vajtai, R., Granqvist, C.G. Lantto, V., Smulko, J.M., Schmera, G., “IEEE Sensors” J. 5, pp. 671, 2005.
[62] Lantto, V., Saukko, S., Toan, N.N., Reyes, L.F., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Electroceramics” 13, pp. 721, 2004.
[63] Ionescu, R., Hoel, A., Granqvist, C.G., Llobet, E., Heszler, P., “Sensors Actuators”, B 104, pp. 124, 2005.
[64] Ionescu, R., Hoel, A., Granqvist, C.G., Llobet, E., Heszler, P., “Sensors Actuators” B 104, pp.132, 2005.
[65] Kish, L.B. Vajtai, R., Granqvist, C.G., “Sensors Actuators”, B 71, pp. 55, 2005.
[66] Kaneko, M., Okura, I.,(Eds.), “Photocatalysis: Science and Technology”, Springer, Berlin, 2002.
[67] Wang, R., Hashimoto, K., Fujishima, A., Chikuni, M., Kojima, E., Kitamura, A., Shimohigoshi, M., Watanabe, T., “Nature 388, pp. 431, 1997.
[68] Nosaka, A.Y., Kojima, E., Fujiwara, T., H. Yagi, H. Akutsu, Y. Nosaka, J., “Phys. Chem”. B 107, pp. 12042, 2003.
[69] Yu, J., Zhou, M., Yu, H., Zhang, Q., Yu, Y., “Mater. Chem. Phys. 95”, pp. 193, 2006.
[70] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “Thin Solid Films 360”, pp. 250, 2000.
[71] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Niklasson, G.A., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Mater”. Sci. 36, 3699, 2001.
[72] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Ederth, J., Niklasson, G.A., Granqvist, C.G., “Thin Solid Films 365”, pp. 119, 2000.
[73] Rodríguez, J., Gómez, M., Niklasson, Granqvist, G.A., “J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys”. 33, pp.24, 2004.
[74] Mattson, A., Leideborg, M., Larsson, K., Westin, G., Österlund, L., “J. Phys. Chem”. B 110, pp.1210, 2006.
[75] Asahi, R., Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Aoki, K., Taga, Y., “Science 293, pp. 269, 2001.
[76] Lindgren, T., Mwabora, J.M., Avendaño, E., Jonsson, J., Hoel, A., Granqvist, C.G., Lindquist, S.-E., “J. Phys.Chem. B 107, pp. 5709, 2003.
[77] Torres, G.R., Lindgren, T., Lu, J., Granqvist, C.G., Lindquist, S.-E. “J. Phys. Chem. B 108, pp. 5995, 2004.
[78] Mwabora, J.M., Lindgren, T., Avendaño, E., Jaramillo, T.F., Lu, J., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Phys. Chem. B 108, pp. 20193, 2004.
[79] Gómez, M., Rodríguez, J., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “Thin Solid Films 342, pp. 148, 1999.
[80] Gómez, M., Rodríguez, J., Tingry, S., Hagfeldt, A., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 59, pp. 277, 1999.
[81] Gómez, M., Magnusson, E., Olsson, E., Hagfeldt, A., Lindquist, S.-E., Granqvist, C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 62, pp. 259, 2000.
[82] Gómez, M.M., Lu, J., Solis, J.L., Olsson, E., Hagfeldt, A., Granqvist, C.G., “J. Phys. Chem”. B 104, pp. 8712, 2000.
[83] Gómez, M.M., Lu, J., Olsson, E., Hagfeldt, A., Granqvist,C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 64, pp. 385, 2000.
[84] Gómez, M.M., Beerman, N., Lu, J., Olsson, E., Hagfeldt, A., Granqvist, C.G., “Solar Energy Mater”. Solar Cells 76, pp. 37, 2003.
Downloads
Published
2012-06-01
How to Cite
[1]
C.-G. Granqvist, “Nanomaterials for good indoor environments: electrochromics, sensors and photo-catalysts”, TEC, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 5–15, Jun. 2012.
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2012 TECNIA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Articles published by TECNIA can be shared under the international Creative Commons license: CC BY 4.0. Permissions beyond this scope can be inquired via email at tecnia@uni.edu.pe.
