Diseño e Implementación de un Medidor Trifásico Inteligente de Energía Eléctrica y Armónicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v33i2.1659Palabras clave:
medidor de energía, medición inteligente, armónicos, submuestreo, diseño de instrumentoResumen
El presente trabajo se basa en el desarrollo de un dispositivo capaz de medir diversos parámetros relacionados con la tarificación y calidad de energía, de un suministro eléctrico de 220V trifásico y 60Hz, estos son: los valores eficaces y armónicos de las tensiones y corrientes del sistema trifásico, junto con sus respetivos desfasajes, la frecuencia del sistema y las potencias y energías trifásicas (tanto activa, reactiva y aparente). El presente dispositivo se basa en un microcontrolador ESP32 programado en lenguaje C++ el cual estará conectado inalámbricamente a la plataforma web mediante Wi-Fi para su lectura remota. El indicador externo para la medición de la energía activa es mediante las pulsaciones de un led a razón de 950 impulsos/kw-h. En el caso de la medición de armónicos el algoritmo aplica la transformada rápida de Fourier, o FFT por sus siglas en inglés, sobre un periodo de onda representativo obtenido por métodos de undersampling, o muestreo de baja velocidad, para elevar el rango de armónicos legibles. La validación de la medición de energía se realiza mediante la prueba de contraste detallada en la IEC 62053- 21, resultando el dispositivo diseñado de clase 1 y la validación de la lectura de los demás parámetros se realiza mediante comparación con un analizador de redes utilizando los criterios de aceptación de la norma IEC 61557-12 siendo también de clase 1, ambas pruebas realizadas en el laboratorio N°6 de electricidad de la UNI.
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